Governor for fluid motors



Nov. 15, 1927 I 1,648,960

F. ONSRUD GOVERNOR FOR FLUID MOTORS Filed Aux. 4. 1926 s Sheets-Sheet 1 F? J. J42

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Patented Nov. 15, 1927'.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPH r. ONSRUD, or oHIoAGo, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR 'ro oNsnUn MACHINE WORKS,

or orrIoAGo, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS.

GOVERNOR FOB FLUID MOTORS.

. App1ication filed August 4, 1926. Serial No. 127,027.

'to exceed the safe speed and burst the motor. The normal operating speeds are so high that ordinary types of governors actuated by centrifugal force, such as the fly-ball type or weighted lever, are impractical. Also, such types of governors involve a Wearing connection between an element moving at a high rate of speed and a stationary element; and are also subject to hunting or uneven regulation.

The present invention is chiefly characterized by providing a type of governor which is actuated by and is directly responsive to I end is such that the vanes lie in the path the pressure of the exhaust fluid.

The main objects of this invention are to provide a simple type of governor which will supply a constant low amount of fluid for idling, an increased supply when the turbine is under a load, and cut down the increased supply at once when the load is removed to prevent racing; to provide a turbine governor which is accurate and reliable and which will quickly respond tosudden changes of the load; and to provide a suitable torm of balanced valve which may be operated by a very small amount of energy, so that the action of the responsive member of the governor is not materially affected.

Figure 1 is a sectional view of the im-' proved turbine taken substantially on the line 11 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1, with parts broken away and parts shown in elevation.

Fig. 3 is taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic development taken substantially through the middle portions of the vanes.

In this invention a nozzle is supplied for starting and idling, and additional nozzles are provided tor runningthe turbine wheel at full load. A balanced shut-off valve is placed in the fluid supply passage to the full load-nozzles, Whichare adapted to be oper= ated by the opening or closing of a small port behind the valve. A spring is provided for moving the valve to close the passage, and a supply pressure is admitted to both sides of the valve, preferably by providing a small aperture through the central portion of the valve. When the port is open, the pressure behind the valve is partially relieved and the difference in pressure on the oppos te sides of-the valve causes the valve to open. When the small port is closed, the pressure becomes balanced on both sides of the valveand the spring acts to close the valve. Since only a small amount of force is required to open or close .the port, very high pressures may be controlled with .very little power. i

A simple ball valve is provided for controlling the port, and a pivoted governor lever bears on the ball. One end of the lever is perforated with suitably formed passages to provide vanes; and the position of the of the exhaust streams of the fluid supply by the starting nozzle. The opposite end of the lever is provided with a spring for ,moving the lover to close the port.

In the drawings, the turbine wheels 5, 6 and 7 are fixed on the shaft 8, which is rotatably'mounted in the turbine housing 9. The starting nozzle 10 and the additional nozzles 11 for carrying the load are fixedly fluid. The usual stationary vanes or baffles 13 are provided for suitably changing .ther direction of the exhaust from one wheel to drive the succeeding wheel.

A valve'bonnet or housing 14 is boltedto the flange 15 on one side of the housing 9, over the end of the inlet passage '20 which is controlled by the valve 16, which is slidably mounted in a housing 17, integrally formed in the turbine housing 9. The valve 16 seats against the pressure otthe supply fluid, which is admitted through the connection 18 in the side of the bonnet 14." A

tubular screen 19 encloses the end of the inlet passage 20, and is held in place by the hollow cap 21, which threads into the end of the member 14;.

The starting nozzle is supplied with fluid through a passage 22, which communicates directly to the bonnet 14 and passes around the valve 16. The load carrying nozzles 11 are supplied with fluid by a passage 23, which communicates to the passage under the control of the valve 16. Thus the starting nozzle is supplied with fluid as soon as the main supply is turned on, while the pressure to the load nozzles is controlled by means of the valve 16.

Onthe rear. side, the valve 16 is hollowed out and receives the end of the fixed guide member 24: which is threaded into the outer end of the housing portion 17. The member 24: receives and supports the valve closing spring 25, which acts to move the valve to close the inlet passage 20. The inner end of the member 24 is provided with a small port 26 having a seat for the ball valve 27 at the outer end. An aperture 28 communicates through the center of the valve 16 so that the fluid pressure is admitted to the back of the valve. The rod 29 is threaded into the cap 21 and extends into the aperture 28.

The operation of the inlet valve 16 issubstantially as follows: When the relief port 26 is closed, the pressure on the opposite sides of the valve 16 is balanced and the spring moves the valve forwardly to close the inlet 20, and the valve will be held closed by the spring as long as the port 26 is closed. lVhen the port 26 is opened a portion of the pressure behind the valve is relieved, and the difference in pressure becomes sufficiently 4 great to overcome the pressure of the spring 25 and move the valve away from its seat to open the passage 23 to the'fluid supply. The rod 29 serves to cause the valve to open more quickly since the rod, in the closed position of the'valve, partly blocks the orifice 28 so that the pressure fluid flows out from behind the valve more rapidly than the supply pressure fluid flows through the valve. lVhen the valve 16 is away from its seat, the orifice 28 is unrestricted by the rod 29, but the velocity pressure of the fluid flowing to the nozzles 11 serves to hold the valve open with but a small amount of leakage past the ball The governor lever 30 is pivot-ally mounted on the inner end of the valve housing portion17, and is pivoted at one side of the outlet of the port 26. The lever 30 is provided with a small set screw 31, which bears on the ball 27, and a governor spring 32 is attached to the rear end of the lever 30 and secured to the free endof aspring plate 33, which is secured at one end to the inside of the housing 9. The tension of the governor spring 32 may be readily adjusted by means ened and the stable position is governed by of the screw 34, which threads through. the

housing and. bears against the free end of so that the end portion 35 of the leverf30 is positioned between the first and second wheels, as is indicated. in Fig. 4.. The portion 35 is suitably perforated to provide angular vanes 36, which lie in the path of the fluid exhausting from the first wheel 5.

The governor spring 32 holds the end 35 of the lever 30 forwardly in the direction of rotation of the turbine wheels, and also causes the set screw 31, in the lever, to press the ball 27 against its seat to close the relief port 26. WVhen pressure is turned off the spring 25 holds the valve 16 closed. When. the pressure is turned on, a corresponding pressure builds up on the back of the valve through the aperture 28, so that the valve remains closed, but the pressure is communicated to the starting nozzle 10 through the independent passage 22. This starts the wheel in motion. At low speeds the fluid from the starting nozzle is deflected backward into the vaned end 35 of the governor lever. The reaction on the vanes is such that the endis moved opposite to the direction of wheel rotation, which rotates the lever 30 counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1. This relieves the pressure on the ball 27, opens the relief port 26, and causes the valve 16 to be opened and ad mit the pressure to the nozzles 11, which are suitably proportioned for operating the turbine under the load for which the device is intended. The spring 32 is adjusted so that the inlet valve 16 is open at operating speeds. As the end of the arm 30 moves backward, the influence ofthe exhaust streamsis lessllll) the angle and pressure of the streams from the wheel opposed by the tension of the spring 32 and the pressure against the ball 27. ,The latter pressure will be of slight eifect since the ball is positioned close to'the pivot pin 38 of the lever 30. At higher speeds the deflection of the fluid is decreased and also carried a greater distance by the wheel before being discharged from theside i of the wheel. Accordingly, at higher speeds the action on the lever 30 is lessened and the lever is allowed to return to normal position to close the valve 16. This shuts oil? the supply to the nozzles 11 and is at once effective to decrease the speed.

The governor is very simple in'construction, involving merely a small lever mounted on a stationary pivot, and requires a very light spring. The relief port controlled inlet valve responds quickly to the governor lever and requires very little force to operate since the area of the relief port is small and the ball valve is setclose to the pivot of.

the lever since a very slight movement is required.

nozzle as shown in Figure 4, if the jet from this nozzle were not deflected'by the rotor element 5 or only slightly deflected thereby, it would tend to urge the lever to move in the direction of rotation of the rotor. But if the rotor is under a load and therefore moving slowly, the jet from the nozzle 10 will be deflected by the vanes of the rotor to such an angle as to urge the lever 30 to move in an opposite direction.

5 It is therefore apparent that this action is of utility for the purpose of governing the delivery of power to the turbine as required by the load thereon irrespective of the specific valve operating mechanism. The motion of the lever 30 and valve controlled by it may be gradual and in exact accordance with the load conditions.

Since the deflection of the operating fluid will serve to shift the lever 30 either forwardly or backwardly, it is not essential in some uses of the invention to provide a spring for normally urging the lever in one direction, and also the valve controlled by this lever may not have a quick action but be gradually moved so that the added power is delivered in this manner.

The operation of the governor has been described as it occurs under running conditions, i. e. when the machine is running without load under the nozzle 10 only, and then when the load is applied, how the operating fluid is admitted to load carrying nozzles ll. \Vhen starting the turbine from the position of rest by admitting the operating fluid to the nozzle 10, the reactance from the stationary blades causes an operation of the valve controlling lever 30, thus temporarily admitting the fluid to the load carrying nozzles until the reactance from the turbine blades is reduced to the point where the valve operating lever 30 returns, thus shutting off the operating fluid from the load carrying nozzles until a load is applied to the machine when the reactance value increases to the point where it will again operate the lever 30.

Although but one specific embodiment of this invention has been herein shown and described, it will be understood that numerous details of the construction shown may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a turbine having a rotor and a fluid supply, a fluid supply check valve having the fluid supply pressure applied to both sides, a spring for closing the valve, and means actuated by the pressure of the fluid discharged from the rotor for relieving the pressure on the rear side of the valve to allow the pressure on the face to open the valve against the pressure of the spring.

2. In a fluid motor having a rotor and a" fluid supply, a supply valve seating forwardly against the fluid supply pressure, the valve having an aperture therethrough for admitting the pressure behind the valve, a. spring for closing the valve, and means actuated by the exhaust fluid from said rotor for relieving the pressure behind the valve to allow the valve to be opened by the pressure on the front of the valve.

8; In a fluid motor having a rotor and a fluid supply passage, a slidably mounted valve for controlling the passage, a spring for moving the valve forwardly to close the passage, said valve having a restricted oriflce through the center to admit the fluid pressure to the back of the valve, and means operated by the exhaust fluid from said rotor for relieving part of the pressure back of said valve so that the pressure on the face of the valve will overcome the spring pressure and open the valve.

4;. In a fluid operated turbine, a housing, a vaned Wheel rotatably mounted in the housing, a plurality of nozzles mounted in the housing for directing fluid against the wheel,said housing having fluid inlet passages leading to the nozzles, and means operated by the fluid flowing away from the wheel for controlling all but one of said passages.

5. In a fluid operated motor a turbine wheel, a plurality of nozzles for the wheel, means for supplying fluid under pressure to the nozzles, a valve for controlling the fluid supply to all but one of the nozzles, a pivotally mounted lever under spring tension to close the valve, the lever being actuated to open the valve by the exhaust fluid from the onenozzle at low speeds.

6. In a fluid operated motor, a turbine wheel having peripheral vanes, a nozzle for directing fluid under pressure into the vanes to drive the wheel, and a vaned control member movably mounted on the side of the wheel opposite to the nozzle and positioned in the path of the deflected streams of fluid at low wheel speeds and substantially out of the paths of the less deflected streams at higher speeds.

7. In a fluid motor, a turbine wheel, a

' nozzle for directing fluid into the wheel in an angular direction, additional nozzles for the v'vheel, a valve for controlling the fluid supply to the additional nozzles, a pivotally mounted lever for operating the valve, and a spring for moving the lever to close the valve, one end of the lever being acted upon by the'exhaust fluid from the first nozzle for opening the valve at lower Wheel speeds,

and less effected at higher speed to allow the spring to return the lever to close the valve and prevent racing.

8. In a fluid motor, a turbine Wheel,

Lessee!) nozzles for supplying fluid under pressure to drive the Wheel, a valve for controlling the supply of fluid to all but one of said nozzles, a resiliently held lever pivotallymounted and adapted for reverse rotation With the wheel under the action of the fluid from the one nozzle in exhausting; from the Wheel tr open the valve at low Wheel speeds.

10. In a turbine, a transversely vaned Wheel, a valve for controlling the'fluid supply to the Wheel, a pivotally mounted lever actuated by the exhaust fluid foroperating the valve, u ment of the lever, the lever being positioned in the path of the exhaust at low speeds and substantially out of the path of the exhaust at high speed. I

Signed-at Chicago this 28th day of July, 1926.

RUDOLPH F. ONSRUD.

spring for resisting the move- 

